Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD), once thought to be a degenerative disease, is now recognized to be an active pathobiological\r\nprocess, with chronic inflammation emerging as a predominant, and possibly driving, factor. However, many details of the pathobiological\r\nmechanisms of CAVD remain to be described, and new approaches to treat CAVD need to be identified. Animal\r\nmodels are emerging as vital tools to this end, facilitated by the advent of new models and improved understanding of the utility\r\nof existing models. In this paper, we summarize and critically appraise current small and large animal models of CAVD, discuss\r\nthe utility of animal models for priority CAVD research areas, and provide recommendations for future animal model studies of\r\nCAVD.
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